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Friday, June 29, 2012

The history of cinema. Max Skladanowsky


Max Skladanowsky (April 30, 1863, Berlin - November 30, 1939) - German inventor and one of the first filmmakers. Together with his brother Emil, he invented an apparatus for recording and projection of films Bioskop (Bioskop), where the brothers showed the audience a moving picture for the money, about two months before the submission of a more perfect motion picture Lumiere Brothers

Skladanowsky with his Bioskopom with which he showed in 1895, "movie" in the variety show "Winter Garden" in Berlin

Max Skladanowsky was born in Berlin. He studied photography and painting glass, which eventually led to his passion for magic lantern. In 1879 he made a tour of Germany and Central Europe with his father Charles and older brother Emil, showing the representation of the magic lantern. In 1890, together with his brother Emile Max created a film camera, and in 1895 they created Bioskop. It was a double projection with two glued strips of celluloid film. Speed ​​of 16 frames per second was sufficient to create the illusion of motion.
Max Skladanowsky (right with his Bioskopom) His brother Emile (left) was the first actor in his short films

November 1, 1895 the brothers demonstrated their Bioskop in a variety show, "Winter Garden" in Berlin. Show was advertised as "the most interesting invention of our time" and collect a full house for about four weeks.
Variety programm "Winter Garden" where Bioskop declared "the most interesting invention of our time."

Show itself consisted of very short films about six seconds each, which were glued together, and repeated several times, accompanied by a pre-composed soundtrack.
Pictures Sklodowska in 1895

Bioskop was not popular because of its high cost and the inability to mass production.
Skladanowsky (left) behind the counter in his shop where he sells stereo slides

Thursday, June 28, 2012

neon green mushrooms

Bioluminescent fungi
These neon green mushrooms, or trichlorfon Mycena, appear during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests, scattering the floor with glowing spores. The glow of mushrooms is due to bioluminescence, one of the amazing events that occur in some plants and animals.




























Wednesday, June 27, 2012

Palheyros - traditional Portuguese home

Santana - the municipality along the northern coast of the archipelago of Madeira. This is one of the most important tourist destinations of Portugal, mainly because of the traditional Portuguese houses called palheyros. Santana is known for traditional houses, bungalows with roofs made of straw. These roof reaches the ground, giving the home a triangular shape.





Most of these buildings are a tourist attraction, for which travelers come here and around the world. Every 5 years the thatched roofs perestilayutsya again. In the past, these rural buildings are used by farmers. Traditionally, these structures are white walls, red doors and blue-striped trim.



The fact that the construction of roofs used straw is not surprising, because in this area has always cultivated wheat. The houses are built of common materials - wood and stone. The triangular shape of the building was the most popular among local residents. On the first floor are two rooms, second floor loft can be considered for storing food. A kitchen is traditionally located on the street.
















Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Rainbow Eucalyptus

Rainbow Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus deglupta) - the only species of eucalyptus, which grows in the northern hemisphere. Besides the fact that eucalyptus grows to 70 meters in height, it also shines like a rainbow: its bark can be painted in yellow, green, orange and even purple.





An unusual phenomenon is due to cortical areas, flaking at various times. Different colors - indicators of age crust: recently lost, the outer bark is a bright green color. Over time, the bark darkens and changes from blue to purple and then reaches a maroon and orange. It turns a kind of natural camouflage



Rainbow eucalyptus are used worldwide for treatment to a special ingredient to create the paper. This is the ideal wood for creating high-quality white paper. Eucalyptus wood is chemically or mechanically processed in a special dry fibrous material, which is then soaked in water



Of all the eucalyptus trees, processed into paper, only 16% were grown on purpose. 9% is an old forest, and 75% - the third generation of the forest, and more. These trees grow more than a decade, to eventually be recycled for a small amount of paper. Recently, however, observed a positive trend of increasing cultivation of rainbow eucalyptus trees and reforestation



This tree is the birthplace of the Philippine island of Mindanao. Natural rainbow eucalyptus plantations can meet in the Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. However, the tree was also cultivated in South America, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China and some other countries



In 1929, the seeds of eucalyptus were taken to Hawaii and then to Florida. After some time they have spread around the world: South America, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia and other countries.























Friday, June 22, 2012

Life on the Saguaro cactus

Saguaro Cactus - a giant among cactus that grows only in Arizona and California. He is so big that provides shelter, food and protection to many desert dwellers, this is a palace in the desert.





Some species of birds, such as, for example, this little woodpecker, in the trunk of a cactus suit their nests, making their eggs and chicks are protected from predators. Nobody dares to wade through these thorns.



The name of a cactus, is a combination of Spanish and Indian dialects. Previously, Saguaro helped to survive in terrible conditions of the desert locals, who earned the moisture out of it and eat its fruits.



Trees in the desert is almost there. But the local woodpeckers do not get upset about this, because they specialize in cacti.





In addition to woodpeckers are among the thorns Saguaro protection and pigeons, are building their nests on it.



Saguaro Cactus is the longevity of plants. In order to grow into their full size, it takes a long time, and he begins to bloom only in 50 years. But when it dissolved the stunning beauty of the flowers, the scent that flock of hummingbirds.



9-ton Saguaro feeding crumbs hummingbirds, weighing barely more than a few grams.



Saguaro can live 200 let.No live to the age of the Saguaro is very difficult. Many of them die, torn by the wind, or washed away during the rainy season. But even a dead cactus benefits. Somewhere lurking in the trunk of a lizard



The roots of the cactus is very long, they travel along a few meters around the plant and penetrate deep into the soil to get moisture to him. Saguaro is never, alone, in its thorns always hiding someone alive.



Despite the size of the cactus, Saguaro flowers are very small ...





These flowers grow in the night and day attract pollinating friends. These are mainly birds and insects. After the flowers grow on a cactus fruit, which is stored in a 2,000 seeds.





Saguaro needs of its inhabitants as much as they are in it. Its small flowers are not able to pollinate themselves, for this they need the help of pollinators. Therefore, these cacti are seeking to attract as many tenants.





But not all residents benefit cactus. Woodpeckers like to arrange the nest, making the cacti in the deep hollows. Sometimes placed in the wrong place, or the hollow of a large number can kill the plant.



To safely sit on a cactus, birds need surgical precision. Not everyone succeeds the first time.



Despite all the adversity, it's a wonderful plant to survive. After all, each Saguaro - it is a separate ecosystem of the desert.